真空冷冻干燥设备简称冷干机,它是实现冻干艺术必备的装置。冻干工艺对冻干机的要求主要有:实用性、安全性、可靠性和先进性。设计和制造冻干机时需要考虑节能、环保、降低成本、维修容易、使用方便。生物制品和医药用冻干机所生产的产品价值很高,在冻干过程中一旦出现放障,造成的损失严重,因此要求冻干机有很好的可靠性。冻干过程的监控非常重要,为保证冻干产品的质量,测量和控制元件需要有较高的精度。
冻干机的组成如图3-1所示,主要包括真空冷冻干燥箱(简称冻干箱)1,真空系统(包括2、7、8、21、23、24、25、26、27、28、34),制冷系统(包括3、5、6、9、14、16、17、18、19、32A、32B、33),加热系统(包括4、10、11、12、13、15、20、22、29、30、31),还有在图中没有画出来的液压系统,自动控制系统,气动系统,清洗系统和消毒灭菌系统、化霜系统取样系统、称重系统、水分在线测量系统、观察照相系统等几大部分组成。
1-冻干箱;2-真空规管;3-制冷循环管;4-加温油循环管;5-电避阀;6-膨张阀;7-ф200续阀;8-水汽凝结器;9-冷凝管;10-油箱;11-油泵;12-出油管;13-进油管;14-冷却水管;15-油温控制铂电阻;16-制冷压缩机;17-油分离器;18-出液阀;19-过滤器;20-加热器;21-ф50蝶阀;22-热风机;23-电磁真空阀;24-罗茨泵;25-旋转真空泵;26-电磁带放气截止阀;27-ф25隔膜阀;28-ф10隔膜阀;29-放油阀;30-放水阀;31-冷却水电磁阀;32A-手阀;32B-不锈钢针型阀;33-贮液器;34-化霜喷水管;A、B、C-制冷机组;D、E、F-真空泵组
冻干机有许多种,根据不同分类方法,冻干机大致可以分成以下几大类:
按冻干面积大小可以分成(㎡)0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5、1、3、5、10、15、20、25、30、50、75、100等多种。通常0.1~0.3㎡为小型实验用冻干机:0.5~5㎡为中型实验用冻干机;50㎡以上为大型冻干设备。
(1)实验用冻干机 实验用冻干机追求的性能指标是体积小、重量轻、功能多、性能稳定、测试系统准确度高、最好是一机多用,能适应多种物料的冻干实验。小型实验室冻干机由一个带真空泵和小型冷阱的基本单元及一些附件组成,在带保温的冷阱圆筒体内有制冷管道,圆简体有一个透明的聚丙烯盖,圆简体做成真空密封并与真空泵相连,基本单元安装有真空仪表和温度仪表,并有控制开关、放水阀和放气阀等。
基本单元可与其他附件进行不同的组合,以适应不同产品的冻干,例如与带钟罩的多歧管组合可冻干盛放在烧瓶内的产品,与带压塞机构的板层和钟罩组合可冻干小瓶,与离心附件和钟罩组合可冻干安瓿等。图3-2给出的是4种不同结构的台式实验用冻干机示意图。图3-2中(a)和(b)为单腔结构,在无菌条件下,预冻和干燥均在冷凝腔中进行;(c)和(d)双腔结构,预冻在低温冰箱或旋冻器中进行,干燥在冷凝腔的上方干燥室内进行,下腔只用做捕水器。(a)和(c)结构适于盘装物料的干燥;(b)和(d)结构适合西林瓶装物料的干燥,并带有压盖机构;(c)和(d)结构还可以收在干燥室外部接装烧瓶,对旋冻在瓶内壁的物料进行干燥,这时烧瓶作为容器接在干燥箱外的歧管上,烧瓶中的物料靠室温加热,很难控制加热温度。
1-真空泵;2-冷凝腔;3-冷凝器;4-有机玻璃盖;5-有机玻璃干燥室;6-电加热搁板;7-真空测控器;8-化霜放水阀;9-机动中间阀;10-密封压盖装置;11-压力控制阀;12-微通气阀;13-橡胶阀;14-绝缘层
德国生产了一种可以观察和拍照冻结与干燥过程的实验用冻干机,如图3-3所示。
英国Biopharma科技有限公司推出了最新版的紧凑型冷冻干燥显微镜系统LYOSTAT 2,该显微镜系统允许用户通过一个RS232串口连接到PC机上,在观测上可以采用显微镜,或拥有PC用相机和影像撷取程式与制度,冻干系统采用的是液氨制冷,冷却速度较快,工作温度范围-196~+125℃,并且已经达到400倍的放大倍数,采用100Ω铂电阻传感器的温度监测/控制(德国工业标准A级0.1℃),在显微镜的选择上采用的是奥林巴斯-51显微镜,能将实时图像、样品温度和箱内的压力显示在屏幕上,图3-4为LYOSTAT2整体图形。
国内东北大学过程装备与环境工程研究所张世伟等人研制的实验型冻干显微镜的组成如图3-5所示,整个显微观测仪器包括观测室、制冷系统、真空系统、计算机控制及测试记录系统等组成。该冻干显微镜(图3-6)能够实现对被观测物料的显微图像观察,载物托盘中央开设有速光小孔,可以使下部照射上来的透射光通过,用于对物料的透射显微观察。冻干显微镜能对物料进行宽量程的温度控制。在显微镜载物台上方,设置有冷冻和加热部件,包括上下两层加热制冷板状部件和一个气体喷嘴,均绝热地与载物台相连接。冷冻和加热部件的作用是对被观测物料施降温冻结。加热升温或为物料提供相变潜热,通过改变供热、制冷速率,反馈控制物料温度变化速率。控制与测试系统全部采用计算机数据传输与控制技术。整个仪器的操作可以全部实现自动控制。测试的温度、压力和图像数据可以全部在计算机上显示和存储。
1-真空(观测)室;2-显微镜;3-物镜镜头;4-被观测物料及容器;5-测温热电偶;6-载物托盘;7-温度数据处理器;8-显微镜载物台;9-支架;10-显微镜下光源;11-下层加热制冷板;12-上层加热制冷板;13-显微镜上光源;14-真空阀;15-真空泵;16-常规制冷机系统;17-卷绕式屏蔽机构;18-真空规管;19-CCD图像采集器;20-观测室门;21-压力(真空度)数据处理器;22-图像数据处理器;23-计算机控制与测试系统;24-板内制冷液通道;25-被观测物料及容器;26-显微镜载物台玻璃
(2)中型试验用冻干机 用于工艺研究的试验设备和中试型设备,应支持共晶点测试系统、冻干曲线记录软件、称重系统等工艺研究工具,是进行工程化条件探索、冻干质量控制探索的有力工具。
图3-7所示为中试或小批量生产用冻干机,适合于从实验室向大批量生产的过渡,做工艺研究用。这种冻干机多设计成整体式,采用积木块式结构,将所有部件安装轮轴,搬运方便。冻干机的性能与自动化的程度,可根据用户需要确定。图3-8所示的冻干机有手动和自动控制两套系统,可以按设定冻干曲线自动运行,并能记录和打印运行情况。搁板温度达-60℃,冷阱温度达-70℃,预冻和干燥都能在冻干机中完成。
1-带有可调搁板的真空室;2-带有探针的容器;3-搁板升降架;4-冷凝器;5-闸门;6-隔离室内的天平;7-为隔离室抽真空的真空泵;8-手套箱;9-Karl Fishcher测量系统;l0-控制压力的真空泵;11-控制器;12-调节的介质
图3-10为实验室工艺型冻干机,采用LSC操作面板,支持搁板加热,支持30个冻干程序,每个程序可15步控制。还可支持LC-1共晶点测试系统、LL-1冻干曲线记录软件、称重系统等工艺研究工具,是进行工程化条件探索、冻干质量控制探索的有力工具。LSC型冻干机支持冻干量4~24kg,不仅可满足实验室需求,还可提供小型中试研究。
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title | '四环冻干机—真空冷冻干燥设备(一)' |
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description | '真空冷冻干燥设备简称冷干机,它是实现冻干艺术必备的装置。冻干工艺对冻干机的要求主要有:实用性、安全性、可靠性和先进性。设计和制造冻干机时需要考虑节能、环保、降低成本、维修容易、使用方便。生物制品和医药用冻干机所生产的产品价值很高,在冻干过程中一旦出现放障,造成的损失严重,因此要求冻干机有很好的可靠性。冻干过程的监控非常重要,为保证冻干产品的质量,测量和控制元件需要有较高的精度。' |
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content | '<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">真空冷冻干燥设备简称冷干机,它是实现冻干艺术必备的装置。冻干工艺对冻干机的要求主要有:实用性、安全性、可靠性和先进性。设计和制造冻干机时需要考虑节能、环保、降低成本、维修容易、使用方便。生物制品和医药用冻干机所生产的产品价值很高,在冻干过程中一旦出现放障,造成的损失严重,因此要求冻干机有很好的可靠性。冻干过程的监控非常重要,为保证冻干产品的质量,测量和控制元件需要有较高的精度。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p><section style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: unset; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 3px solid rgb(49, 148, 223); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(49, 148, 223); font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.1冻干机的组成</strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: linear-gradient(25deg, rgb(196, 31, 142), rgb(170, 87, 168), rgb(132, 121, 195), rgb(49, 148, 223)); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 13px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">冻干机的组成如图3-1所示,主要包括真空冷冻干燥箱(简称冻干箱)1,真空系统(包括2、7、8、21、23、24、25、26、27、28、34),制冷系统(包括3、5、6、9、14、16、17、18、19、32A、32B、33),加热系统(包括4、10、11、12、13、15、20、22、29、30、31),还有在图中没有画出来的液压系统,自动控制系统,气动系统,清洗系统和消毒灭菌系统、化霜系统取样系统、称重系统、水分在线测量系统、观察照相系统等几大部分组成。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1281&width=461&height=300&water=1" title="5e2f238d02.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-冻干箱;2-真空规管;3-制冷循环管;4-加温油循环管;5-电避阀;6-膨张阀;7-ф200续阀;8-水汽凝结器;9-冷凝管;10-油箱;11-油泵;12-出油管;13-进油管;14-冷却水管;15-油温控制铂电阻;16<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">-</span>制冷压缩机;17-油分离器;18-出液阀;19-过滤器;20-加热器;21-ф50蝶阀;22-热风机;23-电磁真空阀;24-罗茨泵;25-旋转真空泵;26-电磁带放气截止阀;27-ф25隔膜阀;28-ф10<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">隔膜阀</span>;29-放油阀;30-放水阀;31-冷却水电磁阀;32A-手阀;32B-不锈钢针型阀;33-贮液器;34-化霜喷水管;A、B、C-制冷机组;D、E、F-真空泵组</span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 3px solid rgb(49, 148, 223); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(49, 148, 223); font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2冻干机的分类</strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: linear-gradient(25deg, rgb(196, 31, 142), rgb(170, 87, 168), rgb(132, 121, 195), rgb(49, 148, 223)); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 13px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">冻干机有许多种,根据不同分类方法,冻干机大致可以分成以下几大类:</span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="display: flex; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center; transform: rotate(0deg); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px -15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 35px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></section></section><section style="margin: -12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(135, 176, 236), rgb(211, 149, 210)); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2.1按冻干面积的大小分类</span></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">按冻干面积大小可以分成(㎡)0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5、1、3、5、10、15、20、25、30、50、75、100等多种。通常0.1~0.3㎡为小型实验用冻干机:0.5~5㎡为中型实验用冻干机;50㎡以上为大型冻干设备。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)实验用冻干机 实验用冻干机追求的性能指标是体积小、重量轻、功能多、性能稳定、测试系统准确度高、最好是一机多用,能适应多种物料的冻干实验。小型实验室冻干机由一个带真空泵和小型冷阱的基本单元及一些附件组成,在带保温的冷阱圆筒体内有制冷管道,圆简体有一个透明的聚丙烯盖,圆简体做成真空密封并与真空泵相连,基本单元安装有真空仪表和温度仪表,并有控制开关、放水阀和放气阀等。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基本单元可与其他附件进行不同的组合,以适应不同产品的冻干,例如与带钟罩的多歧管组合可冻干盛放在烧瓶内的产品,与带压塞机构的板层和钟罩组合可冻干小瓶,与离心附件和钟罩组合可冻干安瓿等。图3-2给出的是4种不同结构的台式实验用冻干机示意图。图3-2中(a)和(b)为单腔结构,在无菌条件下,预冻和干燥均在冷凝腔中进行;(c)和(d)双腔结构,预冻在低温冰箱或旋冻器中进行,干燥在冷凝腔的上方干燥室内进行,下腔只用做捕水器。(a)和(c)结构适于盘装物料的干燥;(b)和(d)结构适合西林瓶装物料的干燥,并带有压盖机构;(c)和(d)结构还可以收在干燥室外部接装烧瓶,对旋冻在瓶内壁的物料进行干燥,这时烧瓶作为容器接在干燥箱外的歧管上,烧瓶中的物料靠室温加热,很难控制加热温度。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1283&width=513&height=437&water=1" title="7e4998726a.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-真空泵;2-冷凝腔;3-冷凝器;4-有机玻璃盖;5-有机玻璃干燥室;6-电加热搁板;7-真空<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">测</span>控器;8-化霜放水阀;9-机动中间阀;10-密封压盖装置;11-压力控制阀;12-微通气阀;13-橡胶阀;14-绝缘层</span></p><section class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="display: flex; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; justify-content: center; align-items: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 1px; background-color: rgb(162, 109, 196); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><img alt="LOGO.jpg" src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1282&width=1080&height=1143&water=1" id="OmWeb_img_1282" title="091d3a507a.jpg" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 25px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 1px; background-color: rgb(162, 109, 196); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">德国生产了一种可以观察和拍照冻结与干燥过程的实验用冻干机,如图3-3所示。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1284&width=408&height=333&water=1" title="ece234465c.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">英国Biopharma科技有限公司推出了最新版的紧凑型冷冻干燥显微镜系统LYOSTAT 2,该显微镜系统允许用户通过一个RS232串口连接到PC机上,在观测上可以采用显微镜,或拥有PC用相机和影像撷取程式与制度,冻干系统采用的是液氨制冷,冷却速度较快,工作温度范围-196~+125℃,并且已经达到400倍的放大倍数,采用100Ω铂电阻传感器的温度监测/控制(德国工业标准A级0.1℃),在显微镜的选择上采用的是奥林巴斯-51显微镜,能将实时图像、样品温度和箱内的压力显示在屏幕上,图3-4为LYOSTAT2整体图形。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1285&width=425&height=382&water=1" title="0f96b7cfb7.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内东北大学过程装备与环境工程研究所张世伟等人研制的实验型冻干显微镜的组成如图3-5所示,整个显微观测仪器包括观测室、制冷系统、真空系统、计算机控制及测试记录系统等组成。该冻干显微镜(图3-6)能够实现对被观测物料的显微图像观察,载物托盘中央开设有速光小孔,可以使下部照射上来的透射光通过,用于对物料的透射显微观察。冻干显微镜能对物料进行宽量程的温度控制。在显微镜载物台上方,设置有冷冻和加热部件,包括上下两层加热制冷板状部件和一个气体喷嘴,均绝热地与载物台相连接。冷冻和加热部件的作用是对被观测物料施降温冻结。加热升温或为物料提供相变潜热,通过改变供热、制冷速率,反馈控制物料温度变化速率。控制与测试系统全部采用计算机数据传输与控制技<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">术。整个仪器的操作可以全部实现自动控制。测试的温度、压力和图像数据可以全部在计算机上显示和存储。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1286&width=493&height=321&water=1" title="853960da64.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 28px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-真空(观测)室;2-显微镜;3-物镜镜头;4-被观测物料及容器;5-测温热电偶;6-载物托盘;7-温度数据处理器;8-显微镜载物台;9-支架;10-显微镜下光源;11-下层加热制冷板;12-上层加热制冷板;13-显微镜上光源;14-真空阀;15-真空泵;16-常规制冷机系统;17-卷绕式屏蔽机构;18-真空规管;19-CCD图像采集器;20-观测室门;21-压力(真空度)数据处理器;22-图像数据处理器;23-计算机控制与测试系统;24-板内制冷液通道;25-被观测物料及容器;26-显微镜载物台玻璃</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 28px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1287&width=294&height=405&water=1" title="682c61d2df.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></p><section class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="display: flex; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; justify-content: center; align-items: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 1px; background-color: rgb(162, 109, 196); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><img alt="091d3a507a.jpg" src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/uploadfile/ueditor/202209/091d3a507a.jpg" id="OmWeb_img_1282" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 25px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 1px; background-color: rgb(162, 109, 196); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)中型试验用冻干机 用于工艺研究的试验设备和中试型设备,应支持共晶点测试系统、冻干曲线记录软件、称重系统等工艺研究工具,是进行工程化条件探索、冻干质量控制探索的有力工具。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3-7所示为中试或小批量生产用冻干机,适合于从实验室向大批量生产的过渡,做工艺研究用。这种冻干机多设计成整体式,采用积木块式结构,将所有部件安装轮轴,搬运方便。冻干机的性能与自动化的程度,可根据用户需要确定。图3-8所示的冻干机有手动和自动控制两套系统,可以按设定冻干曲线自动运行,并能记录和打印运行情况。搁板温度达-60℃,冷阱温度达-70℃,预冻和干燥都能在冻干机中完成。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 等线; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1288&width=509&height=364&water=1" title="4519a59da8.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-过程材料;2-带搁板的干燥箱;3-控制部分;4-冷凝器;5-带有废气过滤器的真泵;6-冷凝器制冷的制冷机;7-搁板制冷的制冷机;8-盐水循环泵;9-换热器</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有些产品需要在冻干过程中取样分析化验,提供干燥过程中的各种信息。图3-8所示为一种对瓶装物料取样的机械手。为了在冻干过程中能准确地掌握产品的含水量,有些实验用冻干机设置了样品称重装置。典型结构如图3-9所示。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1289&width=280&height=338&water=1" title="544a6ac4bb.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-塞瓶工具;2-机械手臂;3-推瓶杆;4-球阀旋杆;5-出口通道;6-小瓶的出口容器;7-放气阀;8-真空阀;9-真空泵</span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1290&width=444&height=347&water=1" title="7b94c3a473.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1-带有可调搁板的真空室;2-带有探针的容器;3-搁板升降架;4-冷凝器;5-闸门;6-隔离室内的天平;7-为隔离室抽真空的真空泵;8-手套箱;9-Karl Fishcher测量系统;l0-控制压力的真空泵;11-控制器;12-调节的介质</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3-10为实验室工艺型冻干机,采用LSC操作面板,支持搁板加热,支持30个冻干程序,每个程序可15步控制。还可支持LC<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">-</span>1共晶点测试系统、LL-1冻干曲线记录软件、称重系统等工艺研究工具,是进行工程化条件探索、冻干质量控制探索的有力工具。LSC型冻干机支持冻干量4~24kg,不仅可满足实验室需求,还可提供小型中试研究。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 等线; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.chnshky.com/member/index.php?c=api&m=thumb&id=1291&width=351&height=386&water=1" title="b865078195.png" alt="image.png" style="border: 0px;"/></span></p></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>' |
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meta_title | '四环冻干机—真空冷冻干燥设备(一)_行业资讯_新闻动态_冻干机-北京四环冻干-真空冷冻干燥机-四环冻干机官网-实验室冻干机-化妆品冻干机' |
meta_keywords | '四环冻干机、冻干机、药品冻干机、食品冻干机' |
meta_description | '真空冷冻干燥设备简称冷干机,它是实现冻干艺术必备的装置。冻干工艺对冻干机的要求主要有:实用性、安全性、可靠性和先进性。设计和制造冻干机时需要考虑节能、环保、降低成本、维修容易、使用方便。生物制品和医药用冻干机所生产的产品价值很高,在冻干过程中一旦出现放障,造成的损失严重,因此要求冻干机有很好的可靠性。冻干过程的监控非常重要,为保证冻干产品的质量,测量和控制元件需要有较高的精度。' |
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my_web_url | 'http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php?c=show&id=285' |
get | array ( 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '285', ) |
App.php | APPPATH/Config/App.php |
Auto.php | FCPATH/App/Form/Config/Auto.php |
Autoload.php | APPPATH/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | APPPATH/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | APPPATH/Library/Cache.php |
Checkbox.php | APPPATH/Field/Checkbox.php |
CodeIgniter.php | APPPATH/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | APPPATH/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | APPPATH/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | APPPATH/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | APPPATH/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | APPPATH/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | APPPATH/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | APPPATH/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | APPPATH/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | APPPATH/Library/Field.php |
File.php | APPPATH/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | APPPATH/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | APPPATH/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | APPPATH/Core/Hooks.php |
Init.php | APPPATH/Init.php |
Input.php | APPPATH/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | APPPATH/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | APPPATH/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | APPPATH/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | APPPATH/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | APPPATH/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | APPPATH/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | APPPATH/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | APPPATH/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | APPPATH/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | APPPATH/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | APPPATH/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | APPPATH/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | APPPATH/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | APPPATH/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | APPPATH/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Control/Show.php |
Text.php | APPPATH/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | APPPATH/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | APPPATH/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | APPPATH/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | APPPATH/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | APPPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | APPPATH/Core/View.php |
View.php | APPPATH/Extend/View.php |
custom.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/config/custom.php |
database.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php |
lang.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
site.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/config/site.php |
template_pc_bjshky_home_foot.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/template/template_pc_bjshky_home_foot.html.cache.php |
template_pc_bjshky_home_head.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/template/template_pc_bjshky_home_head.html.cache.php |
template_pc_bjshky_home_link.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/template/template_pc_bjshky_home_link.html.cache.php |
template_pc_bjshky_home_news_article.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/www.bjshky.com.cn/cache/template/template_pc_bjshky_home_news_article.html.cache.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/FileHandler.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Control\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Control\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
8.88 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.07 ms | dbquery | 6 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-07-20 13:17:16 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:07:17 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:03:41 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:03:34 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:03:15 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:03:11 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:03:05 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:03:02 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:02:58 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:01:52 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 13:01:05 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:59:48 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:59:39 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:57:04 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:56:47 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:52:32 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:48:50 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:48:34 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:48:31 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-07-20 12:48:19 | 200 | GET | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
c | show |
id | 285 |
Connection | keep-alive |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
X-Forwarded-For | 10.1.225.77 |
Via | 1.1 squid-proxy-5b5d847c96-xtns6 (squid/6.10) |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | www.bjshky.com.cn |
Connection | keep-alive |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
X-Forwarded-For | 10.1.225.77 |
Via | 1.1 squid-proxy-5b5d847c96-xtns6 (squid/6.10) |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | www.bjshky.com.cn |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.1.4 |
PHP Version: | 7.3.31 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | http://www.bjshky.com.cn/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |